Articles

Clinical information written for patients, without unnecessary jargon and without promises.

All articles

Craft workshop bench with fine tools and pieces in preparation

Ocular prosthesis: restoring the volume and symmetry of the face

Losing an eye does not mean losing your appearance. How rehabilitation with an implant and a prosthesis works, what results are realistic and what lifelong care it requires.

Macro of a water droplet on glass against a blurred blue background

Tear ducts · 5 min

Constant watering in adults: when the answer is a DCR

An eye that runs all day is not always producing too many tears; sometimes it cannot drain them. What a dacryocystorhinostomy is and in which cases it solves the problem at its root.

Intense tropical light and palm shadows on a pale wall, with sunglasses

Ocular surface · 5 min

Pterygium: the growth on the eye and Panama's sun

We live squarely in the band of highest incidence in the world. What that growth actually is, when it needs surgery, why it comes back and what distinguishes it from something more serious.

Folded towel and a bowl of warm steaming water in morning light

Eyelids · 5 min

Chalazion and stye: not the same thing, not the same treatment

One hurts and is an infection; the other does not hurt and is a blockage. Confusing which one you have leads to treatments that do not work and to unnecessary waiting.

Examination of the eyelid margin looking for suspicious lesions

Ocular oncology · 5 min

Eyelid cancer: 7 signs not worth ignoring

The skin of the eyelid is the thinnest in the body and gets sun every day. The tumours that appear there usually start out looking like trivial things, and that is precisely the difficulty.

Abstract composition of overlapping blue glass sheets with a point of warm light

Orbit · 5 min

Thyroid eye disease: when the thyroid pushes the eyes forward

Eyes that look more prominent, retracted eyelids and a changed appearance. What Graves' orbitopathy is, why treatment depends on the phase, and which signs mean urgency.

Baby being assessed by an eye doctor for persistent watering

Tear ducts · 5 min

A watery eye in a baby: when to wait and when to treat

Congenital blockage of the tear duct is very common and most cases resolve on their own. But there is a timetable worth knowing and signs that change the approach entirely.

Red, irritated eye caused by dryness of the ocular surface

Ocular surface · 5 min

Dry eye in Panama: why air conditioning makes it worse

We live in a humid country and spend the day in dry environments. That contradiction explains a good share of the consultations for burning, grittiness and vision that clouds over at work.

Ophthalmology consulting room with a slit lamp in soft natural light

Oculoplastics · 5 min

Eyelid ptosis: when a drooping eyelid is not just tiredness

An eyelid covering part of the pupil is not corrected by removing skin. What causes ptosis, why it is urgent in children, and how the surgical technique is chosen.

Periocular area being assessed before a blepharoplasty

Oculoplastics · 5 min

Blepharoplasty in Panama: what it solves, what it does not, and what recovery is like

Eyelid surgery is one of the most requested procedures and also one of the most misunderstood. What it actually corrects, who is a good candidate and what to expect from recovery.

Ocular surface of a patient after excisional biopsy and amniotic membrane graft

Ocular oncology · 5 min

Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva

An uncommon, slow-growing tumour, more frequent in tropical countries because of ultraviolet radiation. What it is, how it is diagnosed and why follow-up matters as much as the surgery.

Illustration of the inflamed eyelid margin characteristic of blepharitis

Ocular surface · 5 min

Blepharitis: what it is and how it shows up

One of the most frequent causes of a red eye, burning and fluctuating vision, and also one of the most overlooked, because it requires examining the eyelid margin in detail.

Illustration linking heart health to eye health

Prevention · 5 min

The heart and the eyes, affected alike

The same factors that damage the vessels of the heart damage those of the eye. An eye examination can tell you something about cardiovascular health, and vice versa.

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